In Vitro Effects Of (+)Mk-801 (Dizocilpine) And Memantine On Beta-Amyloid Peptides Linked To Alzheimer'S Disease

An in vitro effect of (+)MK-801 (dizocilpine), an inhibitor of the glutamate/NMDA and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, on the A beta[1-42] and A beta[1-40] peptides is described and compared to that of memantine. Memantine has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Both compounds accelerated the formation of a beta-sheet structure by A beta[1-42], (+)MK-801 more rapidly than memantine, as observed in a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The acceleration was followed by a decrease in the fluorescence signal that was not observed when the ligand was absent. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the soluble peptides in the presence and absence of (+)MK-801 demonstrated that the monomeric form did not bind (+)MK-801 and that in the presence of (+)MK-801 the concentration of the monomeric form progressively decreased. Small angle X-ray scattering confirmed that the presence of (+)MK-801 resulted in a more rapid and characteristic transition to an insoluble form. These results suggest that (+)MK-801 and memantine accelerate the transition of A beta[1-42] and A beta[1-40] to ThT-negative insoluble forms.