Numerical simulation of mass and heat transfer for water extraction from icy lunar regolith

The confirmation of water ice’s existence in the permanent shadow area led to extensive research in the field of water ice mining from icy lunar regolith. A priori numerical simulation of water ice mining is necessary for guiding the development of lunar water ice mining schemes more reasonably. A 2D axisymmetric numerical simulation model capable of simulating the thermal extraction process about mining water ice from icy lunar regolith is constructed, which is executed in the COMSOL Multiphysics. The thermal extraction cases of lunar regolith with different initial water ice content and heating fluxes are simulated. The EER (energy efficiency ratio) is used to evaluate the efficiency of thermal extraction. The results show that the EER is higher as the initial water ice content is increased, which means more power is used to heat water and less power is used to heat the regolith. The icy lunar regolith with initial water ice content higher than 5.0 wt% is found to be more valuable, over which the EER at the end of thermal extraction will not increase much as the initial water ice content increases. However, the higher heating flux leads to the lower EER at the end of thermal extraction. The speed and economics of thermal extraction are suggested to be weighted before the mission’s implementation. The status of thermal diffusion (thermal transpiration) is studied, and the results indicate that thermal diffusion and advection both can be ignored in thermal extraction modeling, unless the average magnitude of temperature gradient and pressure gradient exceed the maximum of 75764 K/m and 11053 Pa/m in our calculation cases, respectively.