Explaining the $$B^+\rightarrow K^+ \nu \bar{\nu }$$ B + → K + ν ν ¯ excess via a massless dark photon

Abstract The Belle II collaboration has recently observed the rare decay $$B^+\rightarrow K^+ \nu \bar{\nu }$$ B + → K + ν ν ¯ , finding an excess with respect to the Standard Model prediction. We explore the possibility that the data entails long-distance interactions induced by a massless dark photon, $$\gamma _{\scriptscriptstyle {D}}$$ γ D . This couples at the tree-level to an invisible, dark sector and to the Standard Model via higher-dimensional operators, such as the chromomagnetic-dipole coupling that we use to explain the excess. As the process $$B^+\rightarrow K^+ \gamma _{\scriptscriptstyle {D}}$$ B + → K + γ D is forbidden by angular momentum conservation, the transition mediated by the off-shell dark photon yields a three-body final state comprising a pair of dark fermions that show as a missing energy continuum in the detector, faking the neutrino signature. We show that the Belle II data is explained for perturbative values of the parameters of the model. This scenario predicts new contributions to the neutral B meson decays $$B^0\rightarrow K^* \gamma _{\scriptscriptstyle {D}}$$ B 0 → K ∗ γ D , in which the emission of a on-shell dark photon is allowed, yielding a monochromatic missing energy signature. Analogously, an excess due to the emission of a dark photon is predicted for the $$B^0_s\rightarrow \phi + E_\textrm{miss}$$ B s 0 → ϕ + E miss decay that could be scrutinized next at the LHCb experiments.