Thermodynamic theory of inverse current in coupled quantum transport
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The inverse current in coupled (ICC) quantum transport, where one induced
current opposes all thermodynamic forces of a system, is a highly
counter-intuitive transport phenomenon. Using an exactly solvable model of
strongly-coupled quantum dots, we present thermodynamic description of ICC in
energy and spin-induced particle currents, with potential applications towards
unconventional and autonomous nanoscale thermoelectric generators. Our analysis
reveals the connection between microscopic and macroscopic formulations of
entropy production rates, elucidating the often-overlooked role of proper
thermodynamic forces and conjugate fluxes in characterizing genuine ICC. In our
model, the seemingly paradoxical results of ICC in the energy current arise
from chemical work done by current-carrying quantum particles, while in
spin-induced particle current, it stems from the relative competition between
electron reservoirs controlling one particular transition.
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