Shrinking a gradient index lens antenna system with a spaceplate
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The miniaturisation of optical systems is an ongoing challenge across the
electromagnetic spectrum. While the thickness of optical elements themselves
can be reduced using advances in metamaterials, it is the voids between these
elements – which are necessary parts of an optical system – that occupy most
of the volume. Recently, a novel optical element coined a `spaceplate' was
proposed, that replaces a region of free space with a thinner optical element
that emulates the free-space optical response function – thus having the
potential to substantially shrink the volume of optical systems. While there
have been a few proof-of-principle demonstrations of spaceplates, they have not
yet been deployed in a real-world optical system. In this work, we use a
bespoke-designed spaceplate to reduce the length of a gradient index (GRIN)
lens microwave antenna. Our antenna is designed to operate at 23.5 GHz, and the
incorporation of a nonlocal metamaterial spaceplate enables the distance
between the antenna feed and the GRIN lens to be reduced by almost a factor of
two. We find the radiation patterns from a conventional and space-squeezed
antenna are very similar, with a very low cross-polarisation, and only a minor
increase in the side-lobe levels when introducing the spaceplate. Our work
represents a first example of a spaceplate integrated into a functional optical
system, highlighting the potential for this concept to reduce the physical size
of optical systems in real-world applications.
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