Metachronous or Synchronous Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience

Aims: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. The concomitant presentation of AML and lung cancer is extremely rare. This study aimed to report a case series of concomitant presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer as metachronous or synchronous. Methods: We describe 6 cases with diagnosis of these two diseases in between years of 2016-2020 in our hospital. Patients treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical and genetic findings, treatments and outcomes were collected. Results: All 6 cases that made up our series had a smoking history. Case 2 had radiotherapy, and it was cranial radiotherapy for prophylaxis. Radiotherapy was also given to case 3 for lung cancer. The other cases had no history of radiotherapy before the diagnosis of AML. We detected lung cancer as metachronous in cases 2, 3, 4, and 5; and synchronously in cases 1 and 6. Conclusion: Coexistence of AML and lung cancer is extremely rare. However, it should be kept in mind that we may encounter these two malignancies in a patient at the same time.