E-Vote Your Conscience: Perceptions of Coercion and Vote Buying, and the Usability of Fake Credentials in Online Voting
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Online voting is attractive for convenience and accessibility, but is more
susceptible to voter coercion and vote buying than in-person voting. One
mitigation is to give voters fake voting credentials that they can yield to a
coercer. Fake credentials appear identical to real ones, but cast votes that
are silently omitted from the final tally. An important unanswered question is
how ordinary voters perceive such a mitigation: whether they could understand
and use fake credentials, and whether the coercion risks justify the costs of
mitigation. We present the first systematic study of these questions, involving
150 diverse individuals in Boston, Massachusetts. All participants "registered"
and "voted" in a mock election: 120 were exposed to coercion resistance via
fake credentials, the rest forming a control group. Of the 120 participants
exposed to fake credentials, 96
would create fake credentials in a real-world voting scenario, given the
opportunity. 10
either personal experience with or direct knowledge of coercion or vote-buying
incidents. These latter participants rated the coercion-resistant system
essentially as trustworthy as in-person voting via hand-marked paper ballots.
Of the 150 total participants to use the system, 87
credentials without assistance; 83
their credentials. Participants give a System Usability Scale score of 70.4,
which is slightly above the industry's average score of 68. Our findings appear
to support the importance of the coercion problem in general, and the promise
of fake credentials as a possible mitigation, but user error rates remain an
important usability challenge for future work.
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