Real-World Analysis of Medications Inducing Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database

Abstract Objective: Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) poses a growing public health concern, significantly impacting quality of life. Among its various causes, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) plays a pivotal role. This study focuses on investigating drug-induced MGD to enhance drug safety assessment. Methods: We analyzed FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from January 2004 to September 2023. Using statistical methods like the Ratio of Odds Ratios (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), we identified signals indicative of drug-induced MGD. We also categorized drugs associated with MGD. Results: We examined 289 subjects reporting MGD adverse reactions, with an average age of 51.69 years and 65.44% being female. Adverse reaction reports have steadily increased, peaking in 2023, primarily in the United States and Europe. We identified 9 drugs linked to MGD adverse reactions, spanning ophthalmology, oncology, immunomodulation, dermatology, and the urogenital system. Conclusion: Our study provides real-world data for swiftly identifying potential MGD-inducing drugs. It offers a robust strategy for exploring drug-MGD associations and informs pharmacovigilance strategies, aiding clinicians in optimizing drug treatments.