Surfactant-laden bubble bursting: dynamics of capillary waves and Worthington jet at large Bond number
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We present a numerical study of the main sub-stages preceding aerosol
formation via bursting bubbles: capillary wave propagation along the bubble,
convergence at the bubble's apex, the ascent of a Worthington jet and its
break-up to release liquid drops. We focus on two crucial yet overlooked
aspects of the system: the presence of surface-active agents and dynamics
driven by non-negligible gravitational effects, quantified by the Bond number.
Our results propose, for the first time, a mechanism explaining capillary wave
retardation in the presence of surfactants, involving the transition from bi-
to uni-directional Marangoni stresses, which pull the interface upwards,
countering the motion of the waves. We also quantitatively elucidate the
variable nature of the waves' velocity with various surfactant parameters,
including surfactant solubility and elasticity, a departure from the constant
behaviour well-documented in clean interfaces.
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