Transparent, mechanically robust, low-temperature-tolerant, and stretchable ionogels enhanced by konjac glucomannan toward wireless strain sensors

Electronic skins (E-skins) can detect human health and movement, and have potential in the fields of human–machine interactions and artificial intelligence. However, traditional hydrogel-based E-skins suffer from poor mechanical strength, low conductivity, and instability due to water evaporation. Herein, a semi-interpenetrating network developed by polysaccharide biomass konjac glucomannan (KGM) was introduced into a covalent-crosslinked network polyacrylamide-co- polyacrylic acid (PAM-co-PAA) to advance the above dissatisfaction of E-skins. This synthesized a transparent, tough, non-volatile, and highly stretchable ionogel with an ionic liquid named 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyamide (EMIM:DCA) as conductive media. This ionogel exhibited extraordinary mechanical strength (tensile strength of 2.77 MPa), outstanding mechanical durability (100 stretching cycles of 250