The Perception of Pain and Suffering of the Weak, the Innocent and the Marginalized from Evolution and from Christian Theology

The subject of pain and suffering is complex and requires a holistic view. This article begins by clarifying concepts to understand pain as a biological, psycho- logical and social phenomenon that has an evolutionary history whose maximum expression emerges in humans. Having established this common ground, it explores animal altruism and cooperation as incipient phenomena of caring for others. It then points out that the difference with humans is that humans perceive caring for the weak, innocent and marginalized as a moral duty and a path to personal flourishing. Finally, in the face of human weakness and from the perspective of Christian theology, God shows with deeds a way of caring for the weak by becoming weak, suffering and remaining innocent.