Structural characterization and biological compatibilities of PEO coated Ti–Mg metal matrix composites

Both titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) exhibit exceptional qualities for biomedical applications. The rigorous selection of a suitable material for advancing artificial mandible implantation is of paramount importance. The porous titanium scaffold was fabricated by 3D printing, and subsequently Ti–Mg composites with gradient magnesium content were prepared by pressureless infiltration. Ti–Mg composites with three distinct mass ratios are prepared based on the different melting points of Ti and Mg. A protective coating has been applied to the surface of the composites using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to further improve their properties. A comprehensive investigation of the obtained samples was conducted, including the macroscopic and microstructures, element compositions, parameters such as thickness, roughness, and water contact angle of the coating, as well as the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility evaluations. Cytocompatibility evaluation and morphology was done in 6-time diluted extracts on tissue culture plastic surface. The PEO-Ti-Mg-900 (with 20% magnesium content) has shown the best behavior in corrosion resistance, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, indicating its further application in the artificial mandible implantation.