Corrections of the forearm-When, how and who?

Malalignment of the forearm as a sequel to an incorrectly healed fracture can cause severe functional limitations, pain and posttraumatic arthritis. Depending on the extent of the deformity and patient-specific factors, there is an indication for corrective surgery. The most frequent forms of incorrect healing are found at the distal radius, less frequently on the forearm shaft and in the proximal third. When correcting pediatric deformities, the correction potential of the growing skeleton must be taken into account. Corrective surgery represents a challenge in the treatment due to the complex anatomy and biomechanics of the forearm. An accurate preoperative planning is necessary to achieve the goal of restoring normal anatomy and function. Advances in 3D techniques make it possible to visualize and analyze deformities in three dimensions based on computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional imaging and to accurately plan and perform the corrective osteotomy. This overview article describes the different types of forearm malalignment as well as the causes and treatment options. A special focus is placed on 3D techniques and the implementation in the planning and performance of corrective osteotomy of the forearm.