Orthoscopic integral imaging for different lenslet arrays in real and virtual fields

In the future, various types and parameters of display devices and lenslet arrays will be commercially available. Different display devices can be matched by cutting and expanding elemental images, while different lenses require changing the pixel mapping structure individually for each pixel, which involves complex calculations. A simple pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion for lenslet arrays with different apertures in real and virtual fields has meaningful practical implications. To this end, orthoscopic integral imaging for different lenslet arrays in real and virtual fields is proposed herein. The tilt-shift photography technique is used to generate a wider view image array, which is cropped to form the orthoscopic elemental image arrays required for lenslet arrays of various shapes, considering their specific structures and shapes. The approach expands the viewing angle without the need to change the system parameters or recalculate the elemental image relative to the viewer's position, enabling multiple individuals to view the three-dimensional (3D) images from different angles simultaneously. It does not require additional devices or depth information. The repositioning of the original camera array enables various display modes, such as real images, virtual images, and co-displays, which enhance the 3D display effect. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate 3D images with correct depth relationships and large viewing angles, through subjective and quantitative comparison of the parallax.