Highly sensitive and ultra-durable microfiber-based sensor with synergistic conductive network for motion detection

Smart wearable devices have applications in diverse fields, including sports, medicine, electronic skin, and human–machine interactions. However, the effective integration of flexible sensors into clothing to create practical wearable devices remains a formidable challenge. Thus, this study designed a resilient and flexible sensor featuring an innovative “island-bridge”-structured conductive network. The remarkable flexibility and adaptability of the proposed sensor allows for its seamless integration into various clothing styles, thereby preserving the original aesthetics and comfort of the garment. Consequently, it facilitates real-time monitoring of physiological and environmental data while enhancing ergonomic characteristics. In this study, electrospun fibers were meticulously modified using MXene and carbon nanotubes, resulting in their physical and chemical integration and the formation of a dependable conductive network. The island-bridge design significantly improved the sensor performance, which achieved a remarkable gauge factor of 30.5, fast response time of 57 ms, and expanded detection range of 0–570%. Furthermore, owing to the exceptional elasticity of the electrospun fibers, the sensor demonstrated outstanding durability, maintaining consistent sensing performance even after 65,000 draw cycles. Thus, this study presents a novel approach for designing and fabricating flexible sensors and highlights their potential for various practical applications.