Triple-level Full-stage Adaptive Restoration Optimization for Coupled Transmission and Distribution Systems Considering Restoration Security Risks

During the whole restoration procedure of power systems, i.e., from the initial blackout to the complete restoration, coordinating the full-stage restoration of coupled transmission and distribution systems (CT&DSs) and dealing with multiple kinds of uncertainties are challenging problems to solve. Given this background, a triple-level full-stage adaptive restoration optimization method for CT&DSs considering restoration security risks is proposed in this paper. First, a full-stage coordinated restoration framework for CT&DSs is established, which outlines the restoration objectives and distinctive constraints for various entities, along with the information and service interaction relationships between these entities. Subsequently, a triple-level full-stage restoration optimization model for CT&DSs is presented to obtain the optimal restoration strategy and maximize the restoration benefits for CT&DSs. Then, a receding horizon control-based adaptive optimization method considering restoration security risk assessment is proposed to effectively deal with multiple kinds of uncertainties in the actual restoration process. Finally, case studies on an extended WECC 179-bus CT&DSs are conducted to test the performance of the proposed method, and simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve higher restoration benefits, faster black-start and load restoration speed compared with some existing restoration methods.