Innovative synthesis technique for high-performance dielectric resonator antennas: Laser-induced shockwave sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN)

Abstract This study explored the synthesis and sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) nanoparticles, emphasizing morphology, crystal structure, and sintering methods. The as-synthesized KNN nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology below 200 nm. Solid state sintering (SSS) and laser-induced shockwave sintering (LISWS) were compared, with LISWS producing denser microstructures and improved grain growth. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed KNN perovskite structure, with LISWS demonstrating higher purity. High-resolution XPS spectra indicated increased binding energies in LISWS, reflecting enhanced density and crystallinity. Dielectric and loss tangent analyses showed temperature-dependent behavior, with LISWS-3 exhibiting superior properties. Antenna performance assessments revealed LISWS-3's improved directivity and reduced sidelobe radiation compared to SSS, attributed to its denser microstructure. Overall, LISWS proved advantageous for enhancing KNN ceramics, particularly in antenna applications.