Oral antidiabetic therapy versus early insulinization on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective matched cohort study

Abstract Aim Our study aims to compare the efficacy of oral antidiabetic therapy to early insulinization on glycemic control among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in real-world clinical practice. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted at a medical center in Taiwan analyzed 1,256 eligible patients from January 2007 to December 2017. Propensity score matching resulted in well-balanced groups of 113 patients each in the oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) and early insulinization cohorts. Glycemic outcomes were assessed in both groups. Results Patients exclusively using OAD showed consistently lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 3, 12, 24, and 36 months compared to insulin users. At later periods, 78.8% of OAD users achieved glycemic control versus 67.3% of insulin users, with a marginally significant difference. Subgroup analyses suggested a trend favoring well-controlled diabetes in the OAD group, though not statistically significant. Conclusions Our study finds oral antidiabetic therapy is not inferior to early insulinization for glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, irrespective of initial HbA1c levels. This supports oral therapy as a rational treatment option, even in cases with elevated HbA1c at diagnosis.