Analytic structure of the associated Legendre functions of the second kind
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS(2024)
摘要
We consider the complex nu plane structure of the associated Legendre functions of the second kind Q(nu)(-1/2-K)(cosh rho). We find that for any noninteger value of K the Q(nu)(-1/2-K)(cosh rho) have an infinite number of poles in the complex nu plane, but for any negative integer K there are no poles at all. For K = 0 or any positive integer K there is only a finite number of poles, with there only being one single pole (at nu = 0) when K = 0. This pattern is analogous to the pattern of exceptional points that appear in a wide variety of physical contexts. However, while theories with exceptional points usually lose a finite number of degrees of freedom at the exceptional points, the Q(nu)(-1/2-K)(cosh rho) lose an infinite number of poles whenever K is integer. Moreover, while theories with exceptional points usually have a finite number of such exceptional points, the Q(nu)-(1/2-K)(cosh rho) possess an infinite number of points (all integer K) at which they lose degrees of freedom. Other than in the PT-symmetry Jordan-block case, exceptional points usually occur at complex values of parameters. While not being Jordan-block exceptional points themselves, the poles associated with the Q(nu)(-1/2-K)(cosh rho) nonetheless occur at real values of K.
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