A methodological framework for optimizing the energy consumption of deep neural networks: a case study of a cyber threat detector

The growing prevalence of deep neural networks (DNNs) across various fields raises concerns about their increasing energy consumption, especially in large data center applications. Identifying the best combination of optimization techniques to achieve maximum energy efficiency while maintaining system performance is challenging due to the vast number of techniques available, their complex interplay, and the rigorous evaluation required to assess their impact on the model. To address this gap, we propose an open-source methodological framework for the systematic study of the influence of various optimization techniques on diverse tasks and datasets. The goal is to automate experimentation, addressing common pitfalls and inefficiencies of trial and error, saving time, and allowing fair and reliable comparisons. The methodology includes model training, automatic application of optimizations, export of the model to a production-ready format, and pre- and post-optimization energy consumption and performance evaluation at inference time using various batch sizes. As a novelty, the framework provides pre-configured "optimization strategies" for combining state-of-the-art optimization techniques that can be systematically evaluated to determine the most effective strategy based on real-time energy consumption and performance feedback throughout the model life cycle. As an additional novelty, "optimization profiles" allow the selection of the optimal strategy for a specific application, considering user preferences regarding the trade-off between energy efficiency and performance. Validated through an empirical study on a DNN-based cyber threat detector, the framework demonstrates up to 82