Familial and Social Implications of Breast and Gynaecological cancer in Kerala, India

Background Due to the paucity of reliable data to determine the components of family-based comprehensive care for cancer in India, we explored the familial implications of gynaecological and breast cancer diagnosis and treatment through a mixed-method study. Methods The mixed method study included 130 women aged above 18 with a confirmed diagnosis of gynaecological or breast cancer recruited from three selected tertiary hospitals in Kerala, India. Information on quality of life (36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)), psychological distress (distress thermometer), and the familial, interpersonal, social, and community impacts of cancer (semi-structured interview guide) were elicited. Linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with distress and the factors were explored further using thematic analysis. Results Patients included in the study (n = 130; mean age 57.5 years) had moderate or mild (66.9%) to severe (25.4%) distress. Concerns about work (93%), difficulty in; home care and housing (82%), care for dependents (65%), unempathetic family (87.6%), isolation (70%), and body image (65%) were major reasons for their distress. Physiological, social, and family-related stressors among the respondents included challenges in physical functioning, intense physical symptoms like fatigue, loss of appetite and sleep, role restrictions, alterations in family responsibilities, functional dependency, inadequate family support, challenges in social and interpersonal interactions, and an unsupportive work environment. Conclusion Cancer is a health crisis that involves psychological, social, and economic distress, compelling professionals to design multifaceted individualized care packages rather than only concentrating on medical management to alleviate their distress.