Electrochemical Lensing for High Resolution Nanostructure Synthesis
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The advancement of liquid phase electron beam induced deposition has enabled
an effective direct-write approach for functional nanostructure synthesis with
the possibility of three-dimensional control of morphology. For formation of a
metallic solid phase, the process employs ambient temperature, beam-guided,
electrochemical reduction of precursor cations resulting in rapid formation of
structures, but with challenges for retention of resolution achievable via
slower electron beam approaches. The possibility of spatial control of redox
pathways via the use of water-ammonia solvents has opened new avenues for
improved nanostructure resolution without sacrificing the growth rate. We find
that ammonia concentration locally modulates reaction kinetics, altering the
balance between reducing and oxidizing species, leading to distinct deposition
outcomes. The key effect is an 'electrochemical lensing', achieved at an
optimum ammonia concentration, in which a tightly confined and highly reducing
environment is created locally to enable high resolution, rapid beam-directed
nanostructure growth. We demonstrate this unique approach to high resolution
synthesis through a combination of analysis and experiment.
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