Metabolomic and chemometrics depict to understand the nutraceutical potential of different flaxseed varieties

Flaxseeds phytochemical and nutraceutical composition is influenced by climatic conditions that possibly impact flaxseed fingerprinting authentication. Therefore, this research aimed to discriminate flaxseeds phytochemical and nutraceutical value among eight different varieties (originating from China and Pakistan). Metabolomic fingerprint and chemometrics revealed discrimination among these varieties due to variations in fatty acids, amino acids, cyclic peptides, tocopherols, carotenoids, phenolics, and volatile compounds composition in flaxseeds. A discrimination model with p-value < 0.05 and VIP score >1 was propounded those different biomarkers such as γ-tocopherol, leutein, C18:3, Thr, Glu, 1-hexanol, 2-decenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and cyclic peptides content contribute to the discrimination of different flaxseeds varieties. Compared to RO and CH flaxseed varieties, HU, MO1, and MO2 primarily have higher total fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherols, carotenoids, and cyclic peptides. The present study significantly contributes to the quality fingerprinting of flaxseeds for food and pharmaceutical applications.