Nanogenerators: A Strong Backing for Human-Centered Intelligent Self-Powered Medical Systems

With the progress of modern biotechnology and people's strong attention to the quality of life and health, intellectualization and individuation have become a new trend of biomedicine development. Nanogenerators which can collect energy from the surrounding environment and convert mechanical energy into electricity become an ideal choice for self-powered medical systems. In this review article, two types of nanogenerators, friction triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG), which are commonly used in self-powered medical systems, are mainly introduced. The working mechanism and operation mode of PENG and TENG are introduced, and the mechanism and research progress of human-centered intelligent self-powered medical technologies based on PENG and TENG are focused on in the fields of drug delivery, wound healing, treatment for cardiovascular diseases and tumor, neuromodulation, and so on. In addition, also the opportunities and challenges facing the future development of wearable or implanted nanogenerators are introduced. In this review, it is hoped that a comprehensive overview and clarity will be provided for readers committed to self-powered medical devices. In this review, the working mechanism and operation mode of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and friction triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are introduced, and research progress of medical technologies are introduced based on PENG and TENG in the fields of drug delivery, wound healing, treatment for cardiovascular diseases and tumor, and neuromodulation. Herein, the opportunities and challenges facing the future development of nanogenerators are also introduced.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH