Chemical modification of nanotubular Ti surfaces with calcium phosphate and strontium ranelate for biomedical applications

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used as dental implants due to their notable properties, including corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical stability. The anodization process can create a unique nanotubular (NT) structure on the surface of Ti, which offers significant potential for improving the performance of this biomaterial. This study deals with the chemical modification of an NT Ti surface by the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) and strontium ranelate (SrR). A comprehensive set of analytical techniques was used to study these surface modifications on Ti, including atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, thermal diffusivity, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Examination of the surface morphology after immersion revealed the presence of deposits, occasionally with partial blocking of the TiO2 nanotubes. Both surface morphology and chemical analysis demonstrated the successful incorporation of CaP and SrR. In addition, in vitro evaluations demonstrated the exceptional promise of the prepared samples for biomedical applications, exhibiting high cell viability, non-toxicity, and osteogenic properties. These results underscore the potential of these modified surfaces to significantly advance the field of dental implantology.