Plasmonic quantum dots modulated nano-mineral toward photothermal reduction of CO2 coupled with biomass conversion

Simultaneous conversion of CO2 and biomass into value-added chemicals through solar-driven catalysis holds tremendous importance for fostering a sustainable circular economy. Herein, plasmonic Bi quantum dots were immobilized on phosphoric acid modified attapulgite (P-ATP) nanorod using an in-situ reduction–deposition method, and were employed for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 coupled with oxidation of biomass-derived benzyl alcohol. Results revealed that Bi atoms successfully integrated into the basal structure of P-ATP, forming chemically coordinated Bi–O–Si bonds that served as efficient transportation channels for electrons. The incorporation of high-density monodispersed Bi quantum dots induced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, expanding the light absorption range into the near-infrared region. As a consequence, the photo-thermal transformation was significantly accelerated, leading to enhanced reaction kinetics. Notably, 50