Recent research progress on metal halide perovskite based visible light active photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

The wheels of the future generation will be driven by hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen is the potential, sustainable and clean energy vector, with high energy density, high heating value, and greenhouse gas-free combustion. Artificial photosynthesis especially photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) and photocatalytic (PC) water splitting reactions are widely investigated over gasification, electrolysis, thermochemical and photobiological systems for green hydrogen production. Metal Halide Perovskites (MHPs) with ABX3 stoichiometry have piqued researcher's curiosity because of their peculiar electronic, thermal and optical properties, including long carrier diffusion lengths, outstanding tolerance factors, high light absorption coefficients, large thermal expansion coefficient and ultralow thermal conductivity. The optoelectronic properties of MHPs can be modified using band-gap tuning and defect engineering techniques, and they can be used for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic applications in water splitting, nitrogen fixation, and CO2 reduction. Many review articles have summarized the synthesis, properties and application in the above-mentioned area by using MHPs. Few review articles exclusively focused on MHP based photocatalytic systems for water splitting and there is no dedicated review article is available to date for MHP-based PEC water splitting. In this article, we reviewed the latest research trends and developments in the field of PEC water splitting using MHPs. This also provides details about the optical, electronic, and thermal aspects of MHPs, along with feasible changes, limitations, and stability concerns, as well as viable ways to overcome such hurdles.