Dynamics analysis of a reaction-diffusion malaria model accounting for asymptomatic carriers

significant proportion of malaria infections in humans exhibit no symptoms, but it is a reservoir for maintaining malaria transmission. A time periodic reaction-diffusion model for malaria spread is introduced in this paper, incorporating spatial heterogeneity, incubation periods, symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. This paper introduces the concept of the basic reproduction number ℛ_0 , which is defined as the spectral radius of the next generation operator, and we present some preliminary results by elementary analysis. The threshold dynamic behavior analysis shows that when ℛ_0<1 , the disease is extinct, and when ℛ_0>1 , the disease is persistent. We investigate the case of constant system parameters, focusing on the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free steady state when ℛ_0=1 . In the numerical simulation section, we validate the theoretical results obtained, and then use elasticity analysis methods to explore the influence of parameters on the output solution. In addition, sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number under homogeneous conditions indicates direction of controlling malaria transmission. And several control measures are evaluated in the following steps.