Geophysical Effects Induced by the Bolide Fall on September 9, 2023, in Turkey

The results of instrumental observations of acoustic oscillations, geomagnetic variations, and variations in the atmospheric electric field are presented for the period of fall and explosive decomposition of a bolide in southeastern Turkey on September 2, 2023. It is shown that its decomposition under the influence of aerodynamic forces, occurred in three stages, was accompanied by an acoustic signal of specific morphology, and resulted in variations of the magnetic and electric fields in the subsurface atmospheric layer. The total energy of the event estimated from the acoustic effect was 9 × 1012 J, which approximately corresponds to 2.15 kt of TNT. The maximum amplitude of geomagnetic variations induced by the bolide explosion varied from 0.2 to 2.1 nT depending on the distance. The amplitude of variations of the vertical component of the atmospheric electric field in the Mikhnevo Geophysical Observatory (at a distance of 1900 km) was 40 V/m. This event showed an ionospheric effect in the form of variations in the critical frequency f0F2, which was a result of processing the ionograms of height-frequency sounding of the ionosphere at the Rome station.