Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: A five-year retrospective cross-sectional study

Background: Enterobacteriaceae, which are resistant to carbapenem and produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), has become a priority pathogen by the WHO. ESBL is frequently found in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The first case of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was reported in 1983, and currently, its cases continue to increase and become a serious threat to patient management. This study was conducted to add to the data on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Indonesia. Methods: This research is a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to examine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae by utilizing secondary data taken from the WHONET 2022 software. The samples studied consisted of routine diagnostic results sent to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia (LMK FKUI), Jakarta, from 2017 to 2021. Results: We found that the prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was 24.1% of the total 531 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, with one isolate also resistant to carbapenem. Based on the sample type, ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was mainly found in urine samples, followed by sputum and tissue samples. Conclusion: ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has been found in many countries, including Indonesia, and even isolates resistant to carbapenem have been identified, although their number is still small. This condition remains a serious problem and a global challenge, requiring the control of antimicrobial use to prevent the spread of resistance.