Assessing global beryllium erosion via tomographic reconstruction of 3D beryllium emission profiles in ITER

A new method for estimating the global erosion of beryllium (Be) in ITER is proposed. The method uses ray tracing-aided tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) profile of beryllium visible-light emissivity in boundary plasma from images captured with filtered cameras of VIS/IR wide angle viewing system, H-alpha (and Visible) Spectroscopy diagnostics and signals collected with divertor impurity monitor. The light reflected into the detectors from metallic plasma-facing components (PFCs) is filtered out in the process. The reconstructed Be emissivity is then used to assess the Be influx density distribution along all Be PFCs by integrating the product of the emissivity and the S/XB coefficient along the normal to the PFC surface. The accuracy of this method is evaluated by a comparison with synthetic emissivity data produced by recent simulation of global Be erosion and migration in ITER using the ERO2.0 code. The impact of the uncertainty of PFC light reflection properties on the error in reconstructing the 3D Be emissivity profile and Be influx density is analyzed. The method allows to recover with good accuracy the Be influx density in plasma-wetted areas under the conditions of H-mode fusion power operation with high plasma density in far scrape-off layer (SOL). Under the conditions of lower far-SOL plasma density and L-mode operation, only the total Be influx integrated over the area of the first wall panels with relatively high Be erosion can be reconstructed with a high accuracy. It is shown that neglecting the effects of light reflection may lead to a twofold overestimation of the total Be influx.