A bi-level planning strategy of a hydrogen-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system based on APA-MOHHO

A bi-level planning strategy of a hydrogen-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (H-S HESS) has been proposed in this study for wind power fluctuation suppression. The proposed system consists of a supercapacitor array and a hydrogen energy storage unit, and the bi-level planning strategy consists of an Energy Management Level and a Capacity Configuration Level. In the upper level, with Hilbert-Huang transform frequency analysis, a novel energy management strategy based on adaptive power allocation (APA) is designed. The lower level applies multi-objective Harris hawks optimizer to solve the optimal parameters of each device in the system. Based on the data measured from a 2-MW wind system in a hydrogen-electric coupled DC microgrid demonstration project, the optimal system capacity configuration scheme is obtained. The annualized cost of the system is $150,212, which is 41.1% lower than the scheme without optimization. The fluctuation unsuppressed rate of H-S HESS is 0.64% under the APA strategy, which is only 0.14% higher than the conventional HESS (supercapacitor + lithium-ion batteries) with the same annualized cost of system. The proposed strategy reduces the frequency of HESS operational power fluctuations, improves capacity configuration accuracy, and significantly decreases the cost gap between the proposed H-S HESS and conventional structures. To achieve the suppression of wind power fluctuations, this paper proposes a novel Hydrogen-Supercapacitor (H-S) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a bi-level planning strategy based on adaptive power allocation and multi-objective Harris hawks optimizer. Simulation is carried out using wind power data from a 2-MW wind power system; the feasibility and effectiveness of this bi-level planning strategy for the H-S HESS structure were validated.image