Does DetectGPT Fully Utilize Perturbation? Bridge Selective Perturbation to Fine-tuned Contrastive Learning Detector would be Better

The burgeoning generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have raised growing concerns about abuse, demanding automatic machine-generated text detectors. DetectGPT, a zero-shot metric-based detector, first introduces perturbation and shows great performance improvement. However, in DetectGPT, random perturbation strategy could introduce noise, and logit regression depends on threshold, harming the generalizability and applicability of individual or small-batch inputs. Hence, we propose a novel fine-tuned detector, Pecola, bridging metric-based and fine-tuned detectors by contrastive learning on selective perturbation. Selective strategy retains important tokens during perturbation and weights for multi-pair contrastive learning. The experiments show that Pecola outperforms the state-of-the-art by 1.20 accuracy on average on four public datasets. And we further analyze the effectiveness, robustness, and generalization of the method.