Full field-of-view hexagonal lattice structured illumination microscopy based on the phase shift of electro-optic modulators

High throughput has become an important research direction in the field of superresolution (SR) microscopy, especially in improving the capability of dynamic observations. In this study, we present a hexagonal lattice structured illumination microscopy (hexSIM) system characterized by a large field of view (FOV), rapid imaging speed, and high power efficiency. Our approach employs spatial light interference to generate a two-dimensional hexagonal SIM pattern, and utilizes electro-optical modulators for high-speed phase shifting. This design enables the achievement of a 210-mu m diameter SIM illumination FOV when using a 100x/1.49 objective lens, capturing 2048 x 2048 pixel images at an impressive 98 frames per second (fps) single frame rate. Notably, this method attains a near 100% full field -of -view and power efficiency, with the speed limited only by the camera's capabilities. Our hexSIM demonstrates a substantial 1.73 -fold improvement in spatial resolution and necessitates only seven phase -shift images, thus enhancing the imaging speed compared to conventional 2D-SIM. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement