Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviated the effects of Cd stress on Passiflora edulis growth by regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community structure at the seedling stage

Cadmium (Cd) stress is a exist abiotic stress in nature, which seriously affects the growth and development of vines. At the same time, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote the photosynthesis and respiration of plants, recruit specific nodule microorganisms through mycelial secretions, and further improve plant tolerance to heavy metal stress. In order to explore the joint response of vines and AMF to Cd stress, we used 16S rRNA technology to analyze the stress resistance mechanism. The results showed that Cd stress reduced the contents of available phosphate (AP), total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic matter (SOM) in soil, inhibited plant growth, and slowed plant photosynthesis. After inoculation with AMF, plant fresh weight and plant height increased significantly, and soil nutrient impoverishment was alleviated. At the same time, AMF can recruit specific microbiota to construct the second mycelium genome Proteobacteria; Actinobacteriota; Chloroflexi; norank_f_A4b and norank_f_Blastocatellaceae, established rhizosphere interaction stress mechanism, enhanced the ability of Cd fixation and transformation and alleviated the effect of heavy metal Cd stress on plants. Overall, this study provides the theoretical basis and new insights for using AMF to recruit specific rhizosphere micro-organisms to enhance the economic value of P. edulis under heavy metal stress Cd.