High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY(2024)
摘要
Despite their ubiquitous use, information regarding the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in various microenvironments remains scarce and only a small subset of QACs has been monitored using targeted chemical analysis. In this study, a total of 111 dust samples were collected from homes and various public settings in South China during the COVID-19 pandemic and were analyzed for traditional and emerging QACs using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The total traditional QAC concentrations in residential dust (& sum;(traditional) QAC, sum of 18 traditional QACs) ranged from 13.8 to 150 mu g/g with a median concentration of 42.2 mu g/g. Twenty-eight emerging QACs were identified in these samples, and the composition of & sum;(emerging) QAC (sum of emerging QACs) to & sum;QAC (sum of traditional and emerging QACs) ranged from 19 to 42% across various microenvironments, indicating the widespread existence of emerging QACs in indoor environments. Additionally, dust samples from cinemas exhibited higher & sum;QAC concentrations compared to homes (medians 65.9 mu g/g vs 58.3 mu g/g, respectively), indicating heavier emission sources of QACs in these places. Interestingly, significantly higher & sum;QAC concentrations were observed in dust from the rooms with carpets than those without (medians 65.6 mu g/g vs 32.6 mu g/g, p < 0.05, respectively). Overall, this study sheds light on the ubiquitous occurrence of QACs in indoor environments in South China.
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关键词
quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs),emerging contaminants,indoor environments,dust,textiles,high-resolution mass spectrometry
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