Ferrocene Appended Porphyrin-Based Bipolar Electrode Material for High-Performance Energy Storage

The versatile properties of bipolar organic electrode materials have attracted considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage (EES). However, their practical application is hindered by their inherent limitations including low intrinsic electrical conductivity, low specific capacity, and high solubility. Herein, a bipolar organic molecule combining both porphyrin and ferrocene moieties (CuDEFcP) [5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-di ferrocenyl porphinato]copper(II)) has been developed. It is proposed as a new organic electrode material with multifunctional application for rechargeable organic lithium-based batteries (ROLBs) and dual-ion organic symmetric batteries (SDIBs). Superior performance was delivered as cathode material in lithium based dual-ion batteries (LDIBs), with a high initial discharge capacity of 300 mAh. g-1 at 0.2 A. g-1 and a reversible capacity of 58 mAh. g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A. g-1. However, employing it as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a reversible capacity of 295 mAh. g-1 at 0.2 A. g-1 was delivered. In SDIBs, in which CuDEFcP is used as both anode and cathode, an average discharge voltage of 2.4 V and an energy density of 261 Wh.kg-1 were achieved. The flexible, sustainable, and environmentally friendly nature of bipolar redox organics has generated significant interest in their utilization as electrode materials for energy storage. In this perspective, a novel copper(II)[5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-di ferrocenyl porphinato] - (CuDEFcP) has been developed and employed as electrodes in rechargeable energy-storage systems. As a cathode material in LIBs, it delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 300 mAh. g-1 at 200 mA. g-1 and a moderate reversible capacity of 58 mAh. g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A. g-1. Whereas when CuDEFcP employed as anode material in LIBs, a reversible capacity of 295 mAh. g-1 was delivered at 200 mA. g-1. In a symmetric full cell, a specific energy of 261 Wh.kg-1 and a specific power of 188 W.kg-1 was obtained. image