Characteristics of sodium alginate-based hybrid nanofluid and darcy-forchheimer flow induced by starching surface with thermal radiation and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

In today's industrial age, one of the most pressing challenges is to find an efficient heat transfer fluid because common fluids don't provide efficient heating and cooling in industries. This paper aims to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics of (SWCNT-Ag/ Sodium Alginate) and (MWCNT-Cu/ Sodium Alginate) based hybrid nanofluids in the presence of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and thermal radiation on a surface. To achieve this, we transform the modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity variables. These equations are then solved using MATLAB software (bvp4c) to illustrate the influence of important controlling parameters, presented in both tabular and graphical formats. It is noted that raising the Inertia coefficient parameter leads to a drop in the velocity distribution profile of the (SWCNT-Ag/ Sodium Alginate) and (MWCNT-Cu/ Sodium Alginate) based hybrid nanofluid. Enhancing the rotation parameter of (SWCNT-Ag/ Sodium Alginate) and (MWCNT-Cu/ Sodium Alginate) based hybrid nanofluid decreases the velocity distribution profile. The increasing values of the thermal radiation parameter and Biot number increased the thermal distribution profile while the fall down for the enhancing values of the melting parameter. The convergence ranges of emerged flow parameters are listed here(0.1<β<1.4),(0.1<Γ<0.4), (0.1更多