Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Resource Allocation of Digital Twin in UAV-Aided Internet-of-Vehicles Networks.

In this study, we present a novel approach for efficient resource allocation in a digital twin (DT) framework for task offloading in a UAV-aided Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) network. Our approach incorporates a hybrid machine learning approach that combines asynchronous federated learning (AFL) and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to jointly optimize task completion rate, energy consumption, and delay parameters, enhancing overall system efficiency. We instantiate a DT infrastructure within a UAV-assisted IoV network for V2V and V2I task offloading with three task processing modes and three types of tasks. The DT network is composed of three distinct DTs: task vehicles, service vehicles, and roadside units. Subsequently, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the system efficiency while concurrently minimizing delay and total energy consumption. To address this challenging non-convex problem, we introduce a multi-agent DRL algorithm named MARS for resource allocation within the DT-assisted IoV network. This innovative algorithm, MARS, is trained to utilize a hybrid AFL approach referred to as HAFL. MARS optimizes the allocation of resources across various modes of computation, striving to maximize the system's overall utility. Finally, our proposed approach's effectiveness is validated through comprehensive simulation results, where it is compared against various benchmark schemes for evaluation.