Chemical signatures of planet engulfment events in Sun-like stars
Handbook of Exoplanets(2024)
摘要
The observational evidence that planetary systems can be very different from
each other, suggests that their dynamical histories were very diverse, probably
as a result of a strong sensitivity to the initial conditions. Severe dynamical
processes can drive the orbital decay of planets or planetesimals ending in
their accretion onto the host star. When this material enters the star, it is
rapidly dissolved in the stellar envelope, altering the star's chemical pattern
in a way that mirrors the composition observed in rocky objects. Indeed,
chemical signatures of planet ingestion has been found in an increasing number
of Sun-like stars. These observations carry substantial implications for the
field of exoplanet science, as they are entirely detached from both specific
biases associated with exoplanet detection techniques and assumptions made in
n-body numerical simulations of systems' evolution. For instance, signatures of
planet engulfment events suggest that a non-negligible portion of planetary
systems has undergone highly dynamic histories, ultimately resulting in the
fall of planetary material into the host star. Also, these studies open to the
possibility of using chemical abundances of stars to identify which ones are
the most likely to host analogues of the calm Solar System.
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