Phyto-drug (Silymarin)-Encapsulated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (S-CeONP s ) for İn-Vitro Release, Ameliorating Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential

In the current decade, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONP s ) have emerged as a potentative and widely used therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to its unique physio-chemical properties. Herein, we synthesized S-CeONP s by the co-precipitation method with an average size of 85 nm, characterized (FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD), and then investigated its anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) in comparison with natural drug silymarin. The results of the study show that the biogenic silymarin encapsulated NP s show promising and highly significant ( p ≤ 0.05) anticancer potential against Hela cell line, Pc3 and 3T3 cell line, anti-inflammatory activity (68.56 %), and strong antioxidant potential (86.53%) in dose dependant manner. The microbial growth inhibition potential was assessed against E. coli , Salmonella Typhi , and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains and Candida glabrata ( C. glabrata ), Fusarium oxysporum , and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal strains. The highest antibacterial and antifungal activity (19 ± 0.66 mm and 17 ± 0.45 mm) of S-CeONP s was recorded against E. coli and C. glabrata , respectively, by S-CeONP s . In all biological activities, the green fabricated S-CeONP s show superiority in function as compared to silymarin. The superiority of S-CeONP s over commercial silymarin in all activities affirms the beneficial role of CeONP s in the biological system which ameliorate the pharmacological potential of silymarin by improving its solubility, sustained delivery, and bioavailability and defend against physical and chemical degradation. Thus, S-CeONP s could be used in various biological applications including cancer therapy and other oxidative stress mediated disorders.