Fermionic signal of vacuum polarization in strong laser fields
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Vacuum polarization (VP) is investigated for the interaction of a polarized
γ-ray beam of GeV photons with a counterpropagating ultraintense laser
pulse. In a conventional setup of a vacuum birefringence measurement, a VP
signal is the emerging small circular (linear) polarization of the initially
linearly (circularly) polarized probe photons. The pair production via the
nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process in such a high-energy environment eliminates
part of the γ-photons in the outgoing γ-beam, increasing the
statistical error and decreasing the accuracy of this VP signal. In contrast,
we investigate the conversion of the emerging circular polarization of
γ-photons into longitudinal polarization of the created positrons,
considering the latter as the main VP signal. To study the VP effects in the
highly nonlinear regime, where the Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian method
breaks down, we have developed a Monte-Carlo simulation method, incorporating
vacuum birefringence and dichroism via the one-loop QED probabilities in the
locally constant field approximation. Our Monte Carlo method will enable the
study of VP effects in strong fields of arbitrary configuration. With 10 PW
laser systems, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting the fermionic signal
of the VP effect at the 5σ confidence level with a few hours of
measurement time.
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