Solar Energy in Algeria: Geographical Advantages, Photovoltaic Potential, and Policy-Driven Initiatives in the Saharan Region

Algeria, strategically located at the northern gateway of Africa, boasts a significant renewable energy potential, with solar Energy in the Saharan region being a central component. With an average sunshine duration of 3,000 hours per year, extending up to 3,500 hours in the Saharan region, the country is positioned as one of the world's prime locations for solar energy harnessing. The Global Horizontal Irradiance in Algeria averages between 5.1 KWh in the North and 6.6 KWh in the Great South per square meter daily, making it an attractive destination for solar energy projects. Despite the nation's heavy reliance on fossil fuel revenues, recent efforts by the Algerian government have been directed toward promoting the transition to clean and renewable energies. In 2018, solar power contributed to 84% of the country's electricity from renewable sources. Nevertheless, the vast potential of solar energy resources still needs to be utilized. This paper aims to provide an in-depth overview of the solar energy landscape in Algeria, emphasizing its untapped potential, current initiatives, and prospects.