Impact Of Land Use And Occupation On The Pedological Cover Of A Typical Ortic Quartzarene Neosol In The Headwaters Of The Branco River

Knowing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as the other environmental components, are essential for the elaboration of public policies aimed at territorial organization, thus preserving the most vulnerable areas. The objective of this research was to verify the environmental impacts resulting from the process of use and occupation in the typical Ortico Quartzarenic Neosols in the headwaters of the Branco River in southwest of Mato Grosso. The methodology consisted of three stages, namely office activity, field activity and laboratory activity. In order to understand the colonization process, we resorted to the analysis of documents and bibliographic references; the associated environmental impacts were verified in the field. The analysis of bottom sediments and soils followed the methodology proposed by Embrapa (2017). In the physical analyses, the predominance of the sand fraction (above 90%) was found in all horizons. In the surface horizon, the base saturation was classified as very low (14%), demonstrating the low fertility of the soil, which contrasted with the aluminium saturation of 56%, which is toxic to cultivated plants. The occupation of the basin began in the 1960s. With the occupation, there was the suppression of native vegetation in the study area, in an environment with environmental vulnerability to use. The lack of use of conservationist practices caused several associated impacts, such as the lack of permanent preservation areas, erosion processes, silting up of drainage channels. The presence of several gullies differs in the landscape as the main impact observed.