Antioxidant compounds from the Arthrospira platensis protect against Bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Objective A well-known endocrine disruptor, Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a monomer in the manufacture of polyester, epoxy resin, and polycarbonate plastics. Previous studies have shown the antioxidant effect of Arthrospira platensis in several experimental models of oxidative stress. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Arthrospira platensis against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats. Methods The bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of AP were identified and confirmed by FTIR and HPLC. Nevertheless, this study pre-assessed the AP in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (C) received 0.5mL corn oil and served as control. Group II (AP) were treated with Arthrospira platensis (4.75g/Kg of diet) + 0.5 mL of corn oil. Rats of group III (BPA) have received BPA (100mg/kg bw) dissolved in corn oil administered by orally way. Animals of group IV (BPA + AP) were treated with BPA and AP. Results The results reveal a various and rich phytochemical composition of the aqueous extract of Arthrospira platensis. Six polyphenols that have been linked to bioactivities were found by HPLC analysis: quercetin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, vanillin, p -coumaric acid, and caffeic acid. Additionally, the FTIR profile detected the cyanobacteria’s functional groups. The exposure of rats to BPA for 3 weeks provoked renal damage with significant increases in hematological parameters, oxidative stress-related parameters (i.e., malondialdehyde “MDA” protein carbonyl “PC” content, advanced oxidation protein products “AOPP”, and hydrogen peroxide “H 2 O 2 ”), creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels in plasma. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., glutathione peroxidase “GPx” and superoxide dismutase “SOD”) and levels of reduced glutathione “GSH”, creatinine, urea, and uric acid decreased. The administration of Arthrospira platensis to BPA-treated rats significantly improved weight, peripheral blood parameters, oxidative stress-related parameters, renal biomarker levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, rats treated with BPA and Arthrospira platensis had normal kidney histology. These healing effects are likely the result of the high phenol content and significant antioxidant capacity of A. platensis . Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that A. platensis supplementation improves kidney function and plays an important role in the prevention against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, and that the effects are associated with the antioxidant effect of Spirulina.