Solvent Vapor Annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 Films for Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

In this study, we investigated how solvent engineering affected the photovoltaic characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated using dehydrated lead acetate as the lead source. The photoactive layer was produced by depositing the perovskite solution using a one-step spin-coating method, followed by either 5 minutes of solvent annealing in DMF or IPA vapour or 5 minutes of thermal annealing on a hotplate at a temperature of 90 °C. An inverted planar design was used for the PSC device's construction. Thermal annealing (TA), annealing in DMF vapour, and annealing in IPA vapour were used to form the perovskite active layers. The efficiency of the solar cells produced by solvent annealing in an IPA is 13%, the open circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.977 V, the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is 20.74 mA/cm ² , and the fill factor is 61.21%. Our research showed that the PSCs produced using solvent engineering methods are have higher PCE, more stable and reproducible.