A Retroactive Study on Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Treatment for Tuberculosis Patients with HIV: based on the data from 2010 to 2020 in Shanghai, China

At present, the factors influencing Tuberculosis (TB) treatment effectiveness in HIV/TB co-infected patients need to be supported by more substantial real-world evidence. A retrospective study is conducted to fill the vacancy. 461 TB patients with HIV are defined as 742 samples according to each TB detection period. 7788 valid treatment records corresponding to 17 drug compositions for TB and 150 clinical indicators with more than 100 records are used to conduct data mining with consensus clustering, Fisher’s exact test, stratified analysis, and three modeling approaches, including logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest. We find that A CD4+ T cell count of 42 cells per μL may serve as a sensitive classification standard for the immune level to assist in evaluating or predicting the efficacy of TB ( P =0.007); Rifabutin and levofloxacin alone or in combination may be more effective than other first- and second-line anti-TB agents in combination ( P =0.037); Samples with low immune levels (CD4≦42) may be more resistant to first-line TB drugs ( P =0.049); Age ( P =0.015), bicarbonate radical ( P =0.007), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P =0.026), pre-treatment CD8+ T cell count ( P =0.015, age<60, male), neutrophil percentage ( P =0.033, age<60), rifabutin ( P =0.010, age<60), and cycloserine ( P =0.027, age<60) may influence the TB treatment effectiveness; More evidence is needed to support the relationship between pre-treatment clinical indicators or drug regimens and TB treatment effectiveness (The best AUC is 0.560∼0.763); The percentage of lymphocytes ( P =0.028) can be used as an effective TB therapeutic target. These perspectives supplement knowledge in relevant clinical aspects. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This work was funded by Funds for the key project of the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (KY-GW-2023-15); Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Special Major Project (21Y31900400); Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Shanghai infectious diseases (AIDS) Clinical Medical Research Center Project (20MC1920100); Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project (SHDC22021317); Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Critical Special Project "Research on Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Major Sudden Infectious Diseases" (ZD2021CY001); Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Research Basic Support Project (SHDC2020CR6025). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Clinical Center(No. 2020-S110-01) gave ethical approval for this work I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors