Effective strategies to promote Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting

Artificial Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting systems have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as wide light absorption range, high charge separation efficiency and strong car-rier redox ability. However, it is still challenging to design and prepare Z(S)-scheme photocatalysts with low-cost and highly stability for efficiently photocatalytic overall water splitting using solar energy. This review mainly introduces various strategies to improve the photocatalytic water splitting performance of Z(S)-scheme systems. These strategies mainly focus on enhancing or extending the range of light absorp-tion, promoting charge separation, and enhancing surface redox reaction in Z(S)-scheme systems. Finally, the main challenges of Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting systems and their future development directions are pointed out. This review would be beneficial to understanding the challenges and oppor-tunities faced by the research field of Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic systems, and has important guiding significance for the development and utilization of high-performance Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic reaction system in the future.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.