Design of optical phased array with low-sidelobe beam steering in thin film lithium niobate

Optical beam-steering devices are crucial components of complex optical control systems, which are widely used in diverse information-processing applications. Optical phased arrays (OPAs) as the promising beam-steering devices, have proven to alleviate current performance limitations in beam steering devices for ultra-small solid-state light detection and rangings (LiDARs) and free-space communication systems. The high electrooptic (EO) coefficient (gamma 33 = 30.9 pm/V) of lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) can be a useful platform for phase tuning of the OPAs, which is conducive to enable phase shifting for non-mechanical beam steering with highspeed and low power consumption. The design, configurations and LN-OPA corresponding performances are discussed in this paper. The OPA consisting of different waveguides array is optimized with a side lobe suppression lower than - 10 dB at the wavelength of 1.55 mu m. Meanwhile, the OPA with grating emitters or adding silica cavity further improves the deflection quality of the beam. Then optical beam steering with an angle of 50 degrees in one dimension controlled by the LN-OPA has been demonstrated. The proposed OPA on the LN platform in this work might hold significances for advanced LiDAR schemes based on EO tuning.