Thermal-activated escape of the bistable magnetic states in 2D Fe 3 GeTe 2 near the critical point

Great effort has been made recently to investigate the phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) magnets while leaving subtle quantification unsolved. Here, we demonstrate the thermal-activated escape in 2D Fe 3 GeTe 2 ferromagnets near the critical point with a quantum magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers. We observe random switching between the two spin states with auto-correlation time described by the Arrhenius law, where a change of temperature by 0.8 K induces a change of lifetime by three orders of magnitude. Moreover, a large energy difference between the two spin states about 51.3 meV is achieved by a weak out-of-plane magnetic field of 1 G, yielding occupation probability described by Boltzmann’s law. Using these data, we identify all the parameters in the Ginzburg-Landau model. This work provides quantitative description of the phase transition in 2D magnets, which paves the way for investigating the critical fluctuation and even non-equilibrium phase transitions in these 2D materials.